Lemur Conservation Foundation
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The Lemur Conservation Foundation (LCF) is a
non-profit organization A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in co ...
dedicated to the preservation and conservation of the primates of
Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
through managed breeding, scientific research, education, and art. It was founded in 1996 by Penelope Bodry-Sanders under the advisement of paleoanthropologist
Ian Tattersall Ian Tattersall (born 1945) is a British-born American paleoanthropologist and a curator emeritus with the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, New York. In addition to human evolution, Tattersall has worked extensively with lemur ...
. The foundation's reserve in Myakka City,
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
, United States, is home to more than 50
lemur Lemurs ( ) (from Latin ''lemures'' – ghosts or spirits) are Strepsirrhini, wet-nosed primates of the Superfamily (biology), superfamily Lemuroidea (), divided into 8 Family (biology), families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 exist ...
s of several different species, most of which are critically endangered or
endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ...
, including
ring-tailed lemur The ring-tailed lemur (''Lemur catta'') is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long, black and white ringed tail. It belongs to Lemuridae, one of five lemur families, and is the only member of the ''Lemur'' ge ...
s,
red ruffed lemur The red ruffed lemur (''Varecia rubra'') is one of two species in the genus ''Varecia'', the ruffed lemurs; the other is the black-and-white ruffed lemur (''Varecia variegata''). Like all lemurs, it is native to Madagascar. It occurs only in the ...
s,
mongoose lemur The mongoose lemur (''Eulemur mongoz'') is a small primate in the family Lemuridae, native to Madagascar and introduced to the Comoros Islands. These arboreal animals have pointed faces, long, bushy tails, dark-brown upper parts, pale bellies, a ...
s,
collared brown lemur The collared brown lemur (''Eulemur collaris''), also known as the red-collared brown lemur or red-collared lemur, is a medium-sized strepsirrhine primate and one of twelve species of brown lemur in the family Lemuridae. It is only found in sout ...
s,
common brown lemur The common brown lemur (''Eulemur fulvus'') is a species of lemur in the family Lemuridae. It is found in Madagascar and has been introduced to Mayotte. Taxonomy Five additional currently recognized species of lemur were until 2001 considered s ...
s and Sanford's lemurs. The Lemur Conservation Foundation maintains an active office in northeastern Madagascar and supports conservation initiatives with a focus on community and habitat protection programs in and around
Anjanaharibe-Sud Reserve Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve is a wildlife reserve in the north-east of Madagascar. The reserve was designated in 1958 and contains some of the last intact primary rainforest, along with several, rare and endemic animals and plants. The area wa ...
and
Marojejy National Park Marojejy National Park () is a national park in the Sava region of northeastern Madagascar. It covers and is centered on the Marojejy Massif, a mountain chain that rises to an elevation of . Access to the area around the massif was restricted ...
. LCF offers internship opportunities in primate husbandry and research. The organization has initiated more than a dozen community-based conservation programs including several
silky sifaka The silky sifaka (''Propithecus candidus'') is a large lemur characterized by long, silky, white fur. It has a very restricted range in northeastern Madagascar, where it is known locally as the ''simpona''. It is one of the rarest mammals on Ear ...
research projects.


History

Lemur Conservation Foundation was founded by Penelope Bodry-Sanders as the Lower Primate Conservation Foundation in 1996. Bodry-Sanders was alerted to the need for conservation effort for lemurs by
paleoanthropologist Paleoanthropology or paleo-anthropology is a branch of paleontology and anthropology which seeks to understand the early development of anatomically modern humans, a process known as hominization, through the reconstruction of evolutionary kinship ...
Ian Tattersall Ian Tattersall (born 1945) is a British-born American paleoanthropologist and a curator emeritus with the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, New York. In addition to human evolution, Tattersall has worked extensively with lemur ...
, her colleague at the
American Museum of Natural History The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH) is a natural history museum on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. In Theodore Roosevelt Park, across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 26 inter ...
in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
. They contacted
Duke Lemur Center The Duke Lemur Center is an sanctuary for rare and endangered strepsirrhine primates, located at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. It is the largest sanctuary for strepsirrhine primates in the world. The center is open to the public ...
and received assurances from the research center that they would be provided with the primates to inhabit a reserve located in the United States. She purchased several acres of land in Myakka City,
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
, using a $35,000 inheritance as the initial funding source. In 2001, the organization was renamed the Lemur Conservation Foundation.


Reserves and operations

LCF is certified by the
Association of Zoos and Aquariums The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), originally the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 1924 and dedicated to the advancement of zoos and public aquariums in ...
as a related facility. For the first 14 years of its history, Bodry-Sanders served as LCF's executive director until her retirement from the position in 2010. She was succeeded by Lee Nesler and Alison Grand, then by Deborah Robbins Millman, who has been LCF's executive director since 2020.


Myakka City

The first 11 lemur residents of the reserve in Myakka City arrived in 1999 from the Duke Lemur Center. The Florida-based facility had its opening ceremony in 2000. Two years later, the reserve had its first birth, a
mongoose lemur The mongoose lemur (''Eulemur mongoz'') is a small primate in the family Lemuridae, native to Madagascar and introduced to the Comoros Islands. These arboreal animals have pointed faces, long, bushy tails, dark-brown upper parts, pale bellies, a ...
named Alexandro. Initially, the reserve primarily focused on behavioral research. By 2005, it had grown into a well-established conservation and research institution housing about 20 lemurs in a section bordered by a chain-link fence. The facility was already being utilized by the
University of Miami The University of Miami (UM, UMiami, Miami, U of M, and The U) is a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida. , the university enrolled 19,096 students in 12 colleges and schools across nearly 350 academic majors and programs, incl ...
and
New College of Florida New College of Florida is a public liberal arts college in Sarasota, Florida. It was founded in 1960 as a private institution known simply as New College, spent several years merged into the University of South Florida, and in 2001 became an aut ...
for training and research. In the summer of 2005, the reserve completed construction on a larger second enclosure. As of 2016, the foundation owns more than where there are two free-range forests of and each, with the remaining land serving as native wildlife habitat or buffer zone for the reserve. There were plans to add a third enclosure of about 15 acres (6.1 ha) to include a clinic and a larger quarantine area.


Programs in Madagascar

LCF operates several community-based conservation initiatives in Madagascar. Home to 11 species of lemurs, the
Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve is a nature reserve, wildlife reserve in the north-east of Madagascar. The reserve was designated in 1958 and contains some of the last intact primary rainforest, along with several, rare and Endemism, endemic anima ...
is 108 square miles (280 square kilometers) and 90%
primary forest An old-growth forestalso termed primary forest, virgin forest, late seral forest, primeval forest, or first-growth forestis a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance, and thereby exhibits unique ecological featur ...
. LCF supports several conservation efforts in the reserve located in a mountainous region of northeastern Madagascar. One such program is Camp Indri ecotourist project named after a species of lemurs. Camp Indri offers educational lessons geared towards children, youths, and adults that teach environmental conservation. LCF also runs programs aimed at protecting local habitats and curbing
deforestation Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...
, which included planting 6,000 trees in 2016. LCF also partners with nurses from Marie Stopes Madagascar, a healthcare non-profit, to provide
sustainable agriculture Sustainable agriculture is farming in sustainable ways meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs. It can be based on an understanding of ecosystem ser ...
training, promote fuel-efficient stoves,
ecotourism Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving responsible travel (using sustainable transport) to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds ...
, and environmental education. In
Marojejy National Park Marojejy National Park () is a national park in the Sava region of northeastern Madagascar. It covers and is centered on the Marojejy Massif, a mountain chain that rises to an elevation of . Access to the area around the massif was restricted ...
in northern Madagascar, LCF brings young students in to teach them about endangered species and threats to their habitat.


Funding

In the early 2000s, the foundation collected more than $1.7 million in a fundraising drive. In January 2005, LCF began a new fundraising drive with a goal of $3 million to be used to expand the lemur population to 50 and open the facility to select guests by way of an observation deck. The organization also hoped to supplement its endowment fund, expand the reserves it supported in Madagascar, and add an educational center to its reserve in Myakka City. At the outset of the fundraiser, board members pledged more than half of the goal to match individual contributions. LCF hosts an annual fund-raising gala in nearby
Sarasota Sarasota () is a city in Sarasota County on the Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The area is renowned for its cultural and environmental amenities, beaches, resorts, and the Sarasota School of Architecture. The city is located in the sout ...
,
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
. As of 2018, the foundation's supporters were more than halfway to their most recent goal of raising an additional $2.2 million.


References


External links

*
MadagaSCARS flash animation film
{{Authority control Nature conservation organizations based in the United States Environmental organizations based in Florida * Organizations established in 1996 1996 establishments in Florida